China loans by sector and purpose
China loans by sector and purpose track quarterly credit extension from the People's Bank of China.
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| Indicator | Q2-2026 | Q1-2026 | Q4-2025 | Q3-2025 | Q2-2025 | Q1-2025 | Q4-2024 | Q3-2024 | Q2-2024 | Q1-2024 | Q4-2023 | Q3-2023 | Q2-2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RMB loans of financial institutions: outstanding1 | 2,826,300 | 2,805,100 | 2,719,100 | 2,703,900 | 2,685,600 | 2,654,100 | 2,556,800 | 2,536,100 | 2,508,500 | 2,470,500 | 2,375,900 | 2,345,900 | 2,305,800 | |
| RMB loans of financial institutions: year-on-year growth | 5.2 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 8.1 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 10.6 | 10.9 | 11.3 | |
| Loans to enterprises and public institutions (RMB and foreign currency): outstanding5 | 1,974,700 | 1,948,800 | 1,862,100 | 1,843,000 | 1,824,700 | 1,795,300 | 1,710,100 | 1,702,900 | 1,680,500 | 1,649,800 | 1,570,700 | 1,549,400 | 1,522,100 | |
| Loans to enterprises and public institutions (RMB and foreign currency): year-on-year growth | 8.2 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 12.7 | 13 | 13.5 | |
| Short-term loans and bill financing: outstanding1 | 696,800 | 672,600 | 641,600 | 627,700 | 620,400 | 606,900 | 578,100 | 574,200 | 567,200 | 555,200 | 539,100 | 534,000 | 528,000 | |
| Short-term loans and bill financing: year-on-year growth | 12.3 | 10.8 | 11 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 6.8 | |
| Medium- and long-term loans: outstanding1 | 1,239,300 | 1,238,100 | 1,183,900 | 1,178,900 | 1,167,900 | 1,152,400 | 1,097,200 | 1,093,400 | 1,078,000 | 1,059,700 | 987,900 | 981,200 | 959,600 | |
| Medium- and long-term loans: year-on-year growth | 6.1 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 10 | 11.4 | 12.3 | 14 | 15.7 | 17 | 17.9 | |
| Fixed-asset loans: outstanding1 | 792,700 | 799,600 | 775,200 | 775,500 | 768,200 | 759,400 | 724,900 | 724,700 | 706,500 | 699,900 | 659,300 | 651,000 | 637,000 | |
| Fixed-asset loans: year-on-year growth | 3.2 | 5.3 | 6.9 | 7 | 7.8 | 8.5 | 10 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 12.5 | 13 | 13.8 | 14.2 | |
| Working-capital (operating) loans: outstanding1 | 832,400 | 820,700 | 759,100 | 756,300 | 751,200 | 739,400 | 693,300 | 694,200 | 695,300 | 689,400 | 643,800 | 636,900 | 628,700 | |
| Working-capital (operating) loans: year-on-year growth | 10.8 | 11 | 9.5 | 9 | 8 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 9 | 10.6 | 12.7 | 14.7 | 14.6 | 15 | |
| Medium- and long-term loans to industry: outstanding3 | 278,100 | 278,200 | 266,300 | 265,900 | 262,700 | 260,400 | 245,800 | 242,300 | 237,300 | 234,300 | 218,300 | 210,500 | 202,000 | |
| Medium- and long-term loans to industry: year-on-year growth | 5.9 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 11.2 | 12.6 | 15.1 | 17.5 | 23.6 | 28 | 30.9 | 32.4 | |
| Heavy industry: outstanding1 | 234,500 | 235,100 | 226,000 | 226,000 | 223,500 | 221,900 | 209,600 | 206,700 | 202,800 | 199,800 | 186,200 | 179,400 | 172,400 | |
| Heavy industry: year-on-year growth | 4.9 | 6 | 7.8 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 12.6 | 15.2 | 17.7 | 23.7 | 28 | 30.6 | 32.2 | |
| Light industry: outstanding1 | 43,600 | 43,100 | 40,400 | 39,900 | 39,200 | 38,600 | 36,100 | 35,500 | 34,500 | 34,500 | 32,000 | 31,000 | 29,600 | |
| Light industry: year-on-year growth | 11.3 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 14.5 | 16.5 | 23.3 | 27.9 | 32.7 | 33.6 | |
| Medium- and long-term loans to services: outstanding1 | 762,200 | 761,400 | 728,700 | 723,600 | 716,200 | 706,200 | 675,900 | 677,400 | 670,500 | 661,000 | 614,800 | 617,900 | 607,500 | |
| Medium- and long-term loans to services: year-on-year growth | 6.4 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.4 | 13.3 | 14 | |
| Medium- and long-term loans to infrastructure-related industries: outstanding1 | 451,900 | 452,800 | 437,300 | 434,700 | 431,100 | 426,600 | 409,200 | 407,300 | 401,300 | 395,000 | ||||
| Medium- and long-term loans to infrastructure-related industries: year-on-year growth | 4.8 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 8 | 8.9 | 10.8 | 11.7 | 13.4 | ||||
| Inclusive loans to micro and small businesses (RMB): outstanding1 | 385,200 | 383,800 | 365,700 | 360,900 | 355,700 | 348,100 | 329,300 | 329,000 | 323,800 | 334,100 | 294,000 | 287,400 | 276,900 | |
| Inclusive loans to micro and small businesses (RMB): year-on-year growth | 8.3 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 14.6 | 14.5 | 16.9 | 24.1 | 26.1 | |||
| Green loans: outstanding1 | 486,300 | 481,000 | 447,700 | 435,100 | 423,900 | 406,100 | 366,000 | 357,500 | 347,600 | 337,700 | 300,800 | 285,800 | 270,500 | |
| Green loans: year-on-year growth | 14.5 | 17.6 | 20.2 | 21.7 | 25.1 | 28.5 | 35.1 | 36.5 | 36.8 | 38.4 | ||||
| Agriculture-related loans: outstanding4 | 541,600 | 543,200 | 535,700 | 534,000 | 531,900 | 529,000 | 513,600 | 511,300 | 506,700 | 601,900 | 566,000 | 558,000 | 546,400 | |
| Agriculture-related loans: year-on-year growth | 5.8 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 8.4 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 12.1 | 13.5 | 14.9 | 15.1 | 16 | |
| Rural loans: outstanding1 | 408,400 | 409,200 | 392,400 | 391,400 | 389,500 | 387,500 | 369,400 | 366,100 | 362,900 | 503,600 | 472,600 | 466,000 | 456,000 | |
| Rural loans: year-on-year growth | 5.4 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 7 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 10 | 10.6 | 12.1 | 13.9 | 15.2 | 15.4 | 16.1 | |
| Loans to rural households: outstanding1 | 187,300 | 188,500 | 184,200 | 185,400 | 185,900 | 187,300 | 182,300 | 180,600 | 179,200 | 177,200 | 168,600 | 166,700 | 163,100 | |
| Loans to rural households: year-on-year growth | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 5.7 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 9.9 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 13.4 | |
| Loans to agriculture: outstanding1 | 75,100 | 74,400 | 68,900 | 69,600 | 69,000 | 68,200 | 63,600 | 64,200 | 63,800 | 63,300 | 58,400 | 58,000 | 56,700 | |
| Loans to agriculture: year-on-year growth | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 12.7 | 14.7 | 15.4 | 14.6 | 14.7 | |
| Real estate loans (RMB): outstanding3 | 507,400 | 517,000 | 519,500 | 528,300 | 533,300 | 535,400 | 528,000 | 529,000 | 531,000 | 535,200 | 526,300 | 531,900 | 533,700 | |
| Real estate loans (RMB): year-on-year growth | -4.9 | -3.4 | -1.6 | -0.1 | 0.4 | 0.04 | -0.2 | -1 | -1 | -1.1 | -1 | -0.2 | 0.5 | |
| Real estate development loans: outstanding1 | 126,500 | 131,700 | 131,600 | 136,100 | 138,100 | 138,700 | 135,600 | 137,900 | 137,700 | 137,600 | 128,800 | 131,700 | 131,000 | |
| Real estate development loans: year-on-year growth | -8.5 | -5.1 | -3 | -1.3 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 4 | 5.3 | |
| Individual housing (mortgage) loans: outstanding1 | 362,900 | 367,200 | 370,100 | 374,400 | 377,400 | 379,000 | 376,800 | 375,600 | 377,900 | 381,900 | 381,700 | 384,200 | 386,000 | |
| Individual housing (mortgage) loans: year-on-year growth | -3.8 | -3.1 | -1.8 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -0.8 | -1.3 | -2.3 | -2.1 | -1.9 | -1.6 | -1.2 | -0.7 | |
| Loans to technology-based SMEs: outstanding1 | 41,500 | 40,300 | 36,300 | 35,600 | ||||||||||
| Loans to technology-based SMEs: year-on-year growth | 20.1 | 20.9 | 19.8 | 22.3 | ||||||||||
| Loans to high-tech enterprises: outstanding1 | 215,300 | 209,600 | 186,100 | 188,400 | ||||||||||
| Loans to high-tech enterprises: year-on-year growth | 14.6 | 13.6 | 7.5 | 6.9 | ||||||||||
| Household loans: outstanding3 | 829,100 | 835,800 | 832,800 | 839,400 | 840,100 | 838,800 | 828,400 | 820,500 | 815,700 | 814,500 | 801,000 | 796,300 | 785,700 | |
| Household loans: year-on-year growth | -1.3 | -0.4 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 3 | 3 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 6.1 | |
| Household business loans: outstanding1 | 257,900 | 258,900 | 251,100 | 252,100 | 250,900 | 249,700 | 241,400 | 240,600 | 238,000 | 234,500 | 221,500 | 218,900 | 212,200 | |
| Household business loans: year-on-year growth | 2.8 | 3.7 | 4 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 6.5 | 9 | 9.9 | 12.2 | 15.4 | 17.2 | 18.2 | 19.5 | |
| Household consumer loans excluding housing loans: outstanding1 | 208,300 | 209,700 | 211,600 | 212,900 | 211,800 | 210,200 | 210,100 | 204,300 | 200,000 | 198,100 | ||||
| Household consumer loans excluding housing loans: year-on-year growth | -1.7 | -0.2 | 0.7 | 4.2 | 6 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 8.7 |
Latest reading
The series on this page is quarterly and runs from Q1 2012 to Q2 2026. Source: People's Bank of China — Statistical Report on Credit Extension by Financial Institutions.
About this data
China loans by sector and purpose track quarterly credit extension from the People's Bank of China. Based on PBOC credit extension reports, series cover loans to enterprises, infrastructure, inclusive small businesses, and green loans. The table also tracks agriculture-related loans, technology SMEs, real estate development and mortgage loans, and household borrowing. Quarter-end balances in 100 million yuan and year-on-year growth rates are reported since 2011 on a comparable basis.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the latest figure for China loans by sector and purpose?
- Real estate loans (RMB): outstanding stood at 507,400 100 million yuan in Q2 2026. That is −1.9% from Q1 2026 and −4.9% from a year earlier.
- Is China loans by sector and purpose at a high or a low right now?
- The reading of 507,400 100 million yuan is the lowest since Q1 2021.
- How far back does the China loans by sector and purpose data go?
- The series on this page is quarterly and runs from Q1 2012 to Q2 2026. Source: People's Bank of China — Statistical Report on Credit Extension by Financial Institutions. Every series in the table can be charted over its full history and downloaded as CSV or Excel.
- What does the PBOC report on credit extension by financial institutions measure?
- The People's Bank of China credit extension report measures total outstanding RMB and foreign currency loans extended by financial institutions across economic sectors and loan purposes. It provides quarter-end loan balances in 100 million yuan and comparable year-on-year growth rates for corporate, infrastructure, specialized, and household borrowing in China.
- Which major borrowing sectors are tracked in China loans by sector?
- The China loans by sector dataset details lending to enterprises and public institutions, medium- and long-term loans to industry and services, infrastructure loans, green loans, agriculture-related loans, and inclusive loans to micro and small businesses. It also covers technology SMEs, high-tech enterprises, real estate development, and residential mortgage loans.
- How are real estate loans categorized in China's quarterly banking statistics?
- In the People's Bank of China credit extension data, total real estate loans are divided primarily into real estate development loans extended to property developers and individual housing mortgage loans extended to households. This distinction allows analysts to evaluate commercial property construction financing separately from residential consumer mortgage credit in China.