What is the latest figure for China bank NPL ratio and capital adequacy?

Non-performing loan ratio stood at 1.52% in Q2 2026. That is unchanged from Q1 2026 and unchanged from a year earlier.

What are the primary indicators reported in China commercial bank regulatory statistics?

The China commercial bank regulatory dataset covers credit risk, capital adequacy, liquidity, and profitability metrics. Key indicators include non-performing loans (NPL), the NPL ratio, provision coverage ratio, net interest margin, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and regulatory capital ratios.

How are loans classified in China's commercial banking system?

China's banking regulators classify commercial bank loans into five categories: pass, special-mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss. Non-performing loans (NPL) are defined as the sum of substandard, doubtful, and loss loans, with the NPL ratio representing non-performing loans divided by total gross loans.

What do the provision coverage ratio and loan provision ratio measure for Chinese banks?

For Chinese commercial banks, the provision coverage ratio measures loan loss provisions as a percentage of non-performing loans, assessing the buffer against default losses. The loan provision ratio measures total loan loss provisions as a percentage of total gross loans.

What is the frequency and historical coverage of China's commercial bank regulatory indicators?

The National Financial Regulatory Administration publishes these key regulatory indicators on a quarterly frequency. Historical series in this table track China commercial bank capital adequacy, asset quality, and earnings metrics since 2020.

China bank NPL ratio and capital adequacy

Name: China bank NPL ratio and capital adequacy
Creator: National Financial Regulatory Administration (NFRA) — Key Regulatory Indicators of Commercial Banks
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

China bank NPL ratio and capital adequacy indicators are published quarterly by the NFRA.

Source: National Financial Regulatory Administration (NFRA) — Key Regulatory Indicators of Commercial BanksLast updated: Oct 16, 2026, 03:03 UTCCurated by Bui Thanh Phuc

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Indicator	Q2-2026	Q1-2026	Q4-2025	Q3-2025	Q2-2025	Q1-2025	Q4-2024	Q3-2024	Q2-2024	Q1-2024	Q4-2023	Q3-2023	Q2-2023
Credit risk indicators9
Pass loans	2,360,936	2,339,102	2,251,401	2,236,671	2,217,935	2,186,945	2,098,263	2,081,649	2,060,635	2,036,109	1,948,366	1,926,979	1,895,363
Special-mention loans	54,236	52,817	51,066	51,057	50,010	49,595	48,454	49,350	47,525	46,024	44,632	43,880	42,240
Non-performing loans (NPL) outstanding3	37,249	36,726	34,984	35,225	34,342	34,366	32,793	33,769	33,398	33,670	32,256	32,246	32,001
Substandard loans	12,679	12,237	11,371	11,894	11,729	11,526	10,830	12,856	13,422	13,819	13,187	13,677	15,074
Doubtful loans	7,836	8,009	8,084	8,970	8,903	9,393	9,942	11,618	11,431	11,842	11,413	11,919	11,998
Loss loans	16,734	16,480	15,529	14,361	13,710	13,447	12,000	9,294	8,544	8,009	7,656	6,649	4,930
Pass loans ratio	96.27	96.31	96.32	96.29	96.34	96.3	96.27	96.16	96.22	96.23	96.2	96.2	96.23
Special-mention loans ratio	2.21	2.17	2.18	2.2	2.17	2.18	2.22	2.28	2.22	2.18	2.2	2.19	2.14
Non-performing loan ratio3	1.52	1.51	1.5	1.52	1.49	1.51	1.5	1.56	1.56	1.59	1.59	1.61	1.62
Substandard loan ratio	0.52	0.5	0.49	0.51	0.51	0.51	0.5	0.59	0.63	0.65	0.65	0.68	0.77
Doubtful loan ratio	0.32	0.33	0.35	0.39	0.39	0.41	0.46	0.54	0.53	0.56	0.56	0.6	0.61
Loss loan ratio	0.68	0.68	0.66	0.62	0.6	0.59	0.55	0.43	0.4	0.38	0.38	0.33	0.25
Loan loss provisions	75,568	74,605	71,792	72,969	72,795	71,526	69,251	70,739	69,908	68,869	66,170	67,034	65,963
Provision coverage ratio	202.87	203.14	205.21	207.15	211.97	208.13	211.19	209.48	209.32	204.54	205.14	207.89	206.13
Loan provision ratio	3.08	3.07	3.07	3.14	3.16	3.15	3.18	3.27	3.26	3.26	3.27	3.35	3.35
Liquidity indicators5
Liquidity ratio	80.97	79.75	80.95	80.1	79.9	76.15	76.74	75.09	72.38	68.66	67.88	65.15	64.37
Loan-to-deposit ratio (RMB)	80.08	79.74	80.08	80.46	80.34	80.01	80.35	80.76	80.59	78.8	78.69	78.2	77.69
RMB excess reserve ratio	1.37	1.47	1.64	1.53	1.53	1.2	1.2	2.08	1.72	1.7	2.23	1.48	1.78
Liquidity coverage ratio	148.53	151.65	157.99	149.73	149.25	146.2	154.73	153.29	150.7	150.84	151.6	143.54	150.86
Net stable funding ratio	128.13	127.7	127.83	127.67	127.59	127.57	128.02	127.43	125.92	125.33
Profitability indicators6
Net profit, year-to-date	12,352	6,323	23,776	18,703	12,423	6,568	2,323	18,706	12,574	6,723	23,775	18,616	12,529
Return on assets	0.58	0.6	0.6	0.63	0.63	0.68	0.63	0.68	0.69	0.74	0.7	0.74	0.75
Return on equity	7.72	7.97	7.78	8.18	8.19	8.82	8.1	8.77	8.91	9.57	8.93	9.45	9.67
Net interest margin	1.41	1.4	1.42	1.42	1.42	1.43	1.52	1.53	1.54	1.54	1.69	1.73	1.74
Non-interest income ratio	23.65	24.16	22.53	23.24	25.75	24.96	22.42	22.95	24.31	25.63	19.93	20.62	21.8
Cost-to-income ratio	29.35	28.04	35.6	31.82	30.23	29	35.56	31.84	30.71	28.95	35.26	31.59	30.28
Capital adequacy indicators6
Capital adequacy ratio	15.26	15	15.46	15.36	15.58	15.28	15.74	15.62	15.53	15.43
Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio	12.12	12.05	12.37	12.36	12.46	12.18	12.57	12.44	12.38	12.35
Core tier 1 capital adequacy ratio	10.72	10.71	10.92	10.87	10.93	10.7	11	10.86	10.74	10.77
Leverage ratio	6.5	6.48	6.6	6.66	6.72	6.61	6.8	6.77	6.78	6.76
Net capital1	386,263	375,821	372,709	368,808	367,543	354,837		347,362	341,374	336,820
Net tier 1 capital1	306,796	301,784	298,119	296,715	294,053	282,822		276,624	272,110	269,497
Net core tier 1 capital	271,415	268,383	263,178	261,041	257,937	248,370		241,653	236,119	234,989
Risk-weighted assets after capital floor3	2,531,868	2,505,316	2,410,795	2,401,198	2,359,364	2,321,872		2,224,232	2,197,550	2,182,779
Credit risk-weighted assets	2,353,917	2,329,801	2,238,974	2,224,089	2,182,236	2,145,173		2,052,463	2,023,702	2,009,874
Market risk-weighted assets	39,856	37,491	33,871	37,751	37,275	36,869		34,990	37,112	36,231
Operational risk-weighted assets	136,723	136,635	136,637	137,337	137,323	137,098		136,536	136,486	136,487
Cumulative foreign exchange exposure ratio	1.36	1.23	1.18	1.23	1.29	1.45

About this data

China bank NPL ratio and capital adequacy indicators are published quarterly by the NFRA. Released by the National Financial Regulatory Administration since 2020, the table covers credit risk, liquidity, profitability and capital adequacy. Key series include loan classification into pass, special-mention, substandard, doubtful and loss loans, provision coverage, net interest margin, ROA and ROE. Indicators are reported in percent and 100 million yuan, with net profit measured on a cumulative year-to-date basis.

Frequently asked questions

What is the latest figure for China bank NPL ratio and capital adequacy?: Non-performing loan ratio stood at 1.52% in Q2 2026. That is unchanged from Q1 2026 and unchanged from a year earlier.
How far back does the China bank NPL ratio and capital adequacy data go?: The series on this page is quarterly and runs from Q1 2020 to Q2 2026. Source: National Financial Regulatory Administration (NFRA) — Key Regulatory Indicators of Commercial Banks. Every series in the table can be charted over its full history and downloaded as CSV or Excel.
What are the primary indicators reported in China commercial bank regulatory statistics?: The China commercial bank regulatory dataset covers credit risk, capital adequacy, liquidity, and profitability metrics. Key indicators include non-performing loans (NPL), the NPL ratio, provision coverage ratio, net interest margin, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and regulatory capital ratios.
How are loans classified in China's commercial banking system?: China's banking regulators classify commercial bank loans into five categories: pass, special-mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss. Non-performing loans (NPL) are defined as the sum of substandard, doubtful, and loss loans, with the NPL ratio representing non-performing loans divided by total gross loans.
What do the provision coverage ratio and loan provision ratio measure for Chinese banks?: For Chinese commercial banks, the provision coverage ratio measures loan loss provisions as a percentage of non-performing loans, assessing the buffer against default losses. The loan provision ratio measures total loan loss provisions as a percentage of total gross loans.
What is the frequency and historical coverage of China's commercial bank regulatory indicators?: The National Financial Regulatory Administration publishes these key regulatory indicators on a quarterly frequency. Historical series in this table track China commercial bank capital adequacy, asset quality, and earnings metrics since 2020.

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About this data

Frequently asked questions