What does the US primary energy consumption table measure?

It measures the total primary energy supply and consumption in the United States, aggregating fossil fuels, nuclear electric power, and renewable energy sources into a common heat unit.

How often is the primary energy balance updated and what is the historical coverage?

The dataset is published monthly by the U.S. Energy Information Administration in the Monthly Energy Review, with continuous historical series dating back to 1973.

What energy sources and breakdowns are included in the table?

The table breaks down domestic production, net imports, and stock changes across major sources including coal, natural gas, crude oil, nuclear electric power, hydroelectricity, geothermal, solar, wind, and biomass.

In what units is US primary energy consumption measured?

All energy sources in this table are measured and converted into quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) to enable direct comparison and aggregation across different fuel types.

US Primary Energy Consumption

Name: US Primary Energy Consumption
Creator: EIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration) — Monthly Energy Review
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

US monthly primary energy consumption and production by source from the EIA.

Source: EIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration) — Monthly Energy ReviewLast updated: Sep 21, 2026, 14:10Curated by Bui Thanh PhucAbout this data ↓

Indicator	05-2026	04-2026	03-2026	02-2026	01-2026	12-2025	11-2025	10-2025	09-2025	08-2025	07-2025	06-2025	05-2025	04-2025	03-2025	02-2025	01-2025	12-2024	11-2024	10-2024	09-2024	08-2024	07-2024	06-2024	05-2024	04-2024	03-2024	02-2024	01-2024	12-2023	11-2023	10-2023	09-2023	08-2023	07-2023	06-2023	05-2023
Total primary energy consumption3	7.41	7.31	7.89	8.03	9.27	8.95	7.77	7.61	7.55	8.16	8.36	7.74	7.42	7.28	7.83	8.07	9.52	8.68	7.6	7.57	7.4	8.22	8.22	7.65	7.52	7.18	7.75	7.74	9.05	8.36	7.85	7.55	7.43	8.22	8.08	7.51	7.34
Fossil fuels3	5.92	5.92	6.41	6.69	7.77	7.44	6.41	6.26	6.18	6.68	6.85	6.28	6	5.91	6.39	6.75	8.05	7.22	6.25	6.22	6.05	6.74	6.74	6.17	6.07	5.83	6.33	6.36	7.65	6.93	6.53	6.22	6.09	6.78	6.64	6.14	5.95
Coal	0.54	0.48	0.54	0.65	0.82	0.77	0.65	0.65	0.7	0.82	0.92	0.76	0.59	0.55	0.6	0.73	0.94	0.75	0.57	0.59	0.66	0.82	0.84	0.72	0.56	0.47	0.49	0.56	0.88	0.68	0.63	0.63	0.72	0.9	0.91	0.7	0.55
Natural gas	2.43	2.47	2.87	3.22	3.92	3.61	2.87	2.52	2.51	2.73	2.81	2.5	2.38	2.45	2.84	3.34	4.05	3.48	2.8	2.51	2.5	2.82	2.84	2.51	2.42	2.48	2.9	3.07	3.86	3.29	2.92	2.52	2.46	2.77	2.76	2.44	2.39
Petroleum	2.94	2.97	3	2.82	3.04	3.05	2.88	3.08	2.98	3.13	3.12	3.03	3.02	2.9	2.95	2.68	3.06	3	2.88	3.13	2.9	3.11	3.06	2.94	3.09	2.89	2.94	2.73	2.91	2.97	2.98	3.07	2.91	3.11	2.98	2.99	3.01
Nuclear electric power	0.68	0.6	0.65	0.65	0.76	0.76	0.67	0.62	0.68	0.74	0.74	0.69	0.65	0.6	0.65	0.65	0.75	0.74	0.65	0.61	0.65	0.73	0.73	0.71	0.68	0.6	0.66	0.67	0.72	0.72	0.65	0.64	0.69	0.73	0.73	0.68	0.64
Renewable energy5	0.82	0.79	0.83	0.69	0.73	0.75	0.7	0.74	0.68	0.74	0.76	0.76	0.76	0.77	0.79	0.67	0.72	0.71	0.7	0.72	0.69	0.74	0.75	0.76	0.78	0.75	0.76	0.7	0.67	0.7	0.67	0.69	0.66	0.71	0.7	0.69	0.74
Hydroelectric power	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.1	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.09
Geothermal	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Solar	0.17	0.15	0.14	0.1	0.09	0.08	0.09	0.12	0.13	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.13	0.12	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.1	0.1	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.1	0.09	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.08	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.09
Wind	0.14	0.17	0.18	0.14	0.15	0.16	0.14	0.13	0.09	0.09	0.11	0.12	0.13	0.16	0.17	0.13	0.15	0.13	0.14	0.14	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.13	0.13	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.12	0.13	0.12	0.12	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.09	0.11
Biomass	0.42	0.39	0.41	0.37	0.39	0.42	0.4	0.42	0.4	0.41	0.42	0.4	0.4	0.39	0.41	0.38	0.41	0.44	0.43	0.43	0.42	0.44	0.45	0.42	0.43	0.41	0.43	0.41	0.41	0.44	0.42	0.43	0.41	0.44	0.42	0.42	0.43
Domestic production3	9.24	8.94	9.3	8.38	9.11	9.29	8.92	9.06	8.87	9.25	9.19	8.82	8.97	8.66	9.08	8	8.83	8.94	8.53	8.8	8.51	8.93	8.84	8.6	8.66	8.29	8.69	8.3	8.48	8.84	8.57	8.72	8.55	8.82	8.7	8.38	8.63
Fossil fuels4	7.7	7.53	7.79	7.01	7.57	7.74	7.51	7.67	7.47	7.74	7.65	7.34	7.53	7.27	7.61	6.66	7.33	7.45	7.15	7.45	7.15	7.44	7.35	7.11	7.21	6.93	7.25	6.92	7.07	7.4	7.24	7.38	7.18	7.38	7.25	7	7.25
Natural gas (dry)	3.54	3.45	3.56	3.21	3.49	3.59	3.43	3.45	3.36	3.49	3.47	3.34	3.42	3.32	3.45	3.04	3.35	3.4	3.23	3.34	3.18	3.31	3.34	3.2	3.26	3.15	3.29	3.14	3.27	3.38	3.27	3.33	3.22	3.32	3.3	3.17	3.31
Crude oil	2.42	2.38	2.42	2.18	2.35	2.41	2.35	2.44	2.36	2.44	2.42	2.32	2.37	2.3	2.37	2.11	2.32	2.37	2.29	2.39	2.25	2.37	2.33	2.26	2.34	2.27	2.33	2.17	2.21	2.35	2.27	2.33	2.25	2.29	2.28	2.18	2.25
Natural gas plant liquids	0.88	0.85	0.87	0.76	0.8	0.84	0.84	0.86	0.85	0.85	0.84	0.8	0.83	0.79	0.81	0.69	0.74	0.8	0.79	0.82	0.78	0.79	0.78	0.76	0.79	0.76	0.77	0.7	0.68	0.74	0.73	0.75	0.73	0.73	0.72	0.69	0.71
Coal	0.86	0.85	0.94	0.85	0.93	0.91	0.89	0.92	0.9	0.97	0.93	0.87	0.91	0.86	0.98	0.82	0.92	0.88	0.84	0.91	0.94	0.97	0.9	0.89	0.81	0.74	0.87	0.91	0.91	0.93	0.97	0.97	0.99	1.03	0.95	0.96	0.98
Nuclear electric power	0.68	0.6	0.65	0.65	0.76	0.76	0.67	0.62	0.68	0.74	0.74	0.69	0.65	0.6	0.65	0.65	0.75	0.74	0.65	0.61	0.65	0.73	0.73	0.71	0.68	0.6	0.66	0.67	0.72	0.72	0.65	0.64	0.69	0.73	0.73	0.68	0.64
Renewable energy5	0.86	0.82	0.87	0.73	0.78	0.79	0.75	0.77	0.72	0.77	0.8	0.79	0.8	0.79	0.82	0.69	0.75	0.74	0.73	0.74	0.7	0.76	0.76	0.78	0.78	0.76	0.78	0.71	0.69	0.73	0.69	0.7	0.68	0.72	0.72	0.7	0.75
Biomass	0.46	0.42	0.45	0.4	0.44	0.46	0.44	0.45	0.43	0.44	0.45	0.43	0.43	0.41	0.44	0.4	0.44	0.47	0.45	0.44	0.43	0.46	0.46	0.44	0.44	0.42	0.45	0.43	0.43	0.47	0.44	0.44	0.43	0.44	0.44	0.43	0.44
Wind	0.14	0.17	0.18	0.14	0.15	0.16	0.14	0.13	0.09	0.09	0.11	0.12	0.13	0.16	0.17	0.13	0.15	0.13	0.14	0.14	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.13	0.13	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.12	0.13	0.12	0.12	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.09	0.11
Solar	0.17	0.15	0.14	0.1	0.09	0.08	0.09	0.12	0.13	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.13	0.12	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.1	0.1	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.1	0.09	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.08	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.09
Hydroelectric power	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.1	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.09
Geothermal	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Net imports2	-1.59	-1.51	-1.26	-0.94	-0.89	-1.04	-1.14	-1.12	-0.93	-0.89	-0.8	-0.84	-0.83	-0.9	-1.03	-0.81	-0.64	-0.83	-0.91	-0.84	-0.81	-0.84	-0.58	-0.77	-0.63	-0.59	-0.91	-0.81	-0.62	-0.95	-0.65	-0.83	-0.66	-0.65	-0.67	-0.57	-0.64
Imports6	1.64	1.64	1.76	1.65	1.87	1.87	1.61	1.63	1.72	1.76	1.74	1.68	1.73	1.63	1.66	1.61	1.89	1.86	1.75	1.72	1.72	1.78	1.97	1.82	1.94	1.77	1.74	1.71	1.9	1.85	1.82	1.7	1.79	1.92	1.8	1.83	1.81
Petroleum, excluding biofuels2	1.4	1.41	1.5	1.35	1.5	1.52	1.32	1.37	1.48	1.5	1.46	1.41	1.47	1.37	1.38	1.28	1.53	1.52	1.45	1.44	1.45	1.49	1.66	1.54	1.68	1.52	1.47	1.42	1.55	1.54	1.53	1.44	1.52	1.63	1.51	1.56	1.56
Crude oil	1.12	1.14	1.23	1.1	1.22	1.2	1.05	1.11	1.16	1.18	1.19	1.12	1.18	1.1	1.08	1.03	1.25	1.23	1.2	1.19	1.17	1.19	1.34	1.22	1.32	1.2	1.16	1.15	1.25	1.21	1.26	1.15	1.22	1.31	1.19	1.19	1.22
Refined petroleum products	0.28	0.27	0.27	0.26	0.29	0.31	0.27	0.26	0.31	0.32	0.27	0.29	0.29	0.27	0.3	0.26	0.28	0.29	0.26	0.25	0.27	0.3	0.32	0.33	0.35	0.32	0.31	0.27	0.3	0.33	0.27	0.29	0.31	0.32	0.33	0.38	0.34
Natural gas	0.23	0.22	0.24	0.28	0.35	0.34	0.27	0.24	0.23	0.24	0.26	0.25	0.25	0.24	0.27	0.3	0.34	0.32	0.28	0.26	0.25	0.27	0.28	0.25	0.24	0.23	0.25	0.26	0.33	0.28	0.26	0.24	0.24	0.25	0.26	0.24	0.22
Biomass	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Electricity	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Coal	0.01	0.01	0	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.01	0.01	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Coal coke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Exports6	3.23	3.15	3.01	2.59	2.76	2.91	2.75	2.76	2.66	2.65	2.54	2.52	2.56	2.53	2.69	2.41	2.53	2.69	2.66	2.56	2.54	2.63	2.55	2.6	2.56	2.36	2.65	2.53	2.52	2.81	2.47	2.53	2.44	2.57	2.47	2.4	2.45
Petroleum, excluding biofuels2	2.14	2.08	1.84	1.6	1.68	1.78	1.69	1.73	1.69	1.64	1.6	1.61	1.59	1.56	1.67	1.51	1.61	1.72	1.75	1.65	1.63	1.71	1.69	1.68	1.65	1.58	1.7	1.63	1.61	1.84	1.57	1.62	1.56	1.67	1.64	1.55	1.58
Refined petroleum products	1.12	1.12	1.12	0.9	0.99	1.04	1.03	0.95	0.95	0.93	0.98	0.96	0.95	0.9	0.95	0.82	0.91	1.05	1.02	0.97	0.98	1	0.93	0.97	0.91	0.9	0.93	0.87	0.92	1.02	0.9	0.89	0.85	0.89	0.94	0.88	0.89
Crude oil	1.02	0.96	0.72	0.7	0.69	0.73	0.67	0.78	0.74	0.71	0.62	0.65	0.64	0.67	0.72	0.69	0.7	0.67	0.74	0.69	0.65	0.71	0.76	0.71	0.75	0.68	0.77	0.76	0.69	0.82	0.68	0.73	0.71	0.78	0.7	0.67	0.68
Natural gas	0.82	0.81	0.9	0.79	0.84	0.89	0.81	0.79	0.74	0.77	0.73	0.7	0.74	0.73	0.76	0.69	0.7	0.7	0.64	0.66	0.64	0.66	0.61	0.63	0.65	0.57	0.67	0.65	0.68	0.72	0.66	0.66	0.63	0.64	0.64	0.61	0.64
Coal	0.22	0.21	0.23	0.16	0.19	0.19	0.19	0.19	0.19	0.2	0.16	0.17	0.19	0.19	0.22	0.18	0.19	0.23	0.23	0.22	0.23	0.22	0.22	0.25	0.22	0.16	0.23	0.21	0.2	0.21	0.2	0.22	0.21	0.22	0.16	0.2	0.2
Biomass	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02
Electricity	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0	0
Coal coke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stock change and adjustments	-0.23	-0.13	-0.15	0.58	1.05	0.69	-0.01	-0.32	-0.39	-0.2	-0.04	-0.25	-0.73	-0.48	-0.22	0.88	1.33	0.57	-0.01	-0.4	-0.29	0.13	-0.03	-0.18	-0.52	-0.52	-0.03	0.24	1.18	0.47	-0.08	-0.34	-0.45	0.05	0.05	-0.29	-0.65

Latest reading

Total primary energy consumption stood at 7.41 Quadrillion BTU in May 2026. That is +1.5% from Apr 2026 and unchanged from a year earlier. The series on this page is monthly and runs from Jan 1973 to May 2026. Source: EIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration) — Monthly Energy Review.

Latest: 7.41 Quadrillion BTU; May 2026
vs previous period: +1.5%; Apr 2026
vs a year earlier: 0.0%

About this data

US monthly primary energy consumption and production by source from the EIA. This table covers fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewables in quadrillion Btu since 1973. Published in the EIA Monthly Energy Review, it converts diverse energy sources into common heat units.

Frequently asked questions

What does the US primary energy consumption table measure?: It measures the total primary energy supply and consumption in the United States, aggregating fossil fuels, nuclear electric power, and renewable energy sources into a common heat unit.
How often is the primary energy balance updated and what is the historical coverage?: The dataset is published monthly by the U.S. Energy Information Administration in the Monthly Energy Review, with continuous historical series dating back to 1973.
What energy sources and breakdowns are included in the table?: The table breaks down domestic production, net imports, and stock changes across major sources including coal, natural gas, crude oil, nuclear electric power, hydroelectricity, geothermal, solar, wind, and biomass.
In what units is US primary energy consumption measured?: All energy sources in this table are measured and converted into quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) to enable direct comparison and aggregation across different fuel types.