What does the United States farm income table measure?

It measures the aggregate financial performance of the United States agricultural sector, including gross cash income, production expenses, net farm income, assets, debt, and equity.

How frequently is the United States farm income data updated and how far back does it go?

The data is published annually by the United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service, with historical series starting from 1910.

What specific financial categories are available in the United States farm balance sheet?

The balance sheet details total assets split into real estate and non-real estate, total debt, equity, and financial ratios such as the debt-to-asset ratio and return on assets.

How does net farm income differ from cash income in United States agriculture?

Net farm income includes non-cash items like inventory changes and accounts for total production expenses, whereas cash income focuses primarily on commodity receipts and direct government payments.

US Farm Income

Name: US Farm Income
Creator: USDA Economic Research Service (Farm Income and Wealth Statistics)
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

US farm sector net income, production expenses, and balance sheet statistics from the USDA.

Source: USDA Economic Research Service (Farm Income and Wealth Statistics)Last updated: Sep 21, 2026, 15:29Curated by Bui Thanh PhucAbout this data ↓

Indicator	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999	1998	1997	1996	1995	1994	1993	1992	1991	1990	1989	1988	1987	1986	1985	1984	1983	1982	1981	1980	1979	1978	1977	1976	1975	1974	1973	1972	1971	1970	1969	1968	1967	1966	1965	1964	1963	1962	1961	1960	1959	1958	1957	1956	1955	1954	1953	1952	1951	1950	1949	1948	1947	1946	1945	1944	1943	1942	1941	1940	1939	1938	1937	1936	1935	1934	1933	1932	1931	1930	1929	1928	1927	1926
CASH INCOME2
Gross cash income2	611.7	573.78	582.61	609.93	500.6	447.36	426.47	414.85	413.16	399.35	422.61	470.3	456.08	451.29	407.03	353.6	327.38	349.37	318.03	273.23	279.71	266.53	246.82	220.15	235.39	226.99	224.19	222.75	227.36	217.74	205.97	198.29	200.61	188.62	184.49	186.72	179.96	173.58	164.94	152.86	157.72	156.12	151.12	151.28	146.02	143.3	135.14	117.28	99.28	97.17	90.67	93.73	90.24	65.68	56.5	54.77	52.53	48.17	46.38	47.13	42.22	39.84	39.46	38.47	36.9	34.96	34.56	34.77	30.9	31.1	29.84	30.19	31.3	32.87	33.19	28.76	27.99	30.48	29.93	25.57	22.4	21.31	20.27	16.22	11.66	9.11	8.64	8.17	9.2	8.67	7.69	6.8	5.46	4.75	6.38	9.06	11.31	10.99	10.73	10.56
Crop and livestock receipts2	541.99	515.3	516.65	542.58	442.4	367.5	369.32	372.07	370.44	358.48	377.43	423.97	404.09	401.39	365.86	321.2	291.63	314.31	288.55	240.62	240.9	237.85	215.97	194.59	200.03	192.1	187.81	196.46	207.79	199.43	188.2	181.43	178.3	171.47	168.03	169.34	160.49	151.26	141.8	135.36	143.98	142.78	136.77	142.56	141.62	139.74	131.53	112.36	96.23	95.36	88.87	92.39	86.89	61.11	52.75	50.51	48.18	44.18	42.82	43.44	39.36	37.33	37.48	36.47	35.16	34.01	33.65	33.46	29.71	30.4	29.49	29.83	31	32.53	32.86	28.46	27.82	30.23	29.62	24.8	21.66	19.79	19.34	15.32	11.16	8.34	7.88	7.69	8.86	8.37	7.09	6.36	5.33	4.75	6.38	9.06	11.31	11.07	10.76	10.57
Crops	238.36	246.26	266.55	282.74	246.01	202.49	193.76	195.98	194.88	195.75	187.92	211.68	220.95	231.57	201	180.33	171.57	173.88	150.07	122.13	115.97	114.38	110.3	100.65	93.35	92.5	92.1	102.21	111.31	106.48	100.99	93.13	87.76	85.72	82.25	80.23	76.89	71.62	65.8	63.81	73.87	69.89	67.16	72.3	72.47	71.75	62.29	53.2	48.6	49.03	45.78	51.06	41.11	25.52	22.27	20.98	19.61	18.7	18.43	18.41	17.48	17.38	17.43	16.31	15.65	15.02	14.74	14.23	12.34	14.04	13.52	13.56	14.08	14.29	13.24	12.36	12.4	13.1	13.09	11.02	9.66	8.6	7.98	6.33	4.72	3.47	3.37	3.19	3.96	3.66	2.98	3.02	2.49	2	2.54	3.87	5.13	5.05	5.16	4.89
Livestock and products	303.63	269.04	250.11	259.83	196.39	165.01	175.56	176.09	175.56	162.73	189.52	212.29	183.14	169.82	164.86	140.87	120.07	140.43	138.48	118.5	124.93	123.47	105.67	93.93	106.67	99.6	95.71	94.25	96.48	92.95	87.22	88.29	90.54	85.75	85.79	89.11	83.6	79.64	76	71.55	70.11	72.9	69.61	70.26	69.15	67.99	69.24	59.16	47.63	46.32	43.09	41.33	45.77	35.58	30.48	29.53	28.57	25.49	24.38	25.03	21.89	19.95	20.05	20.16	19.51	18.99	18.9	19.23	17.38	16.36	15.97	16.28	16.92	18.24	19.62	16.1	15.41	17.13	16.53	13.79	12.01	11.19	11.36	8.99	6.44	4.87	4.51	4.5	4.9	4.72	4.11	3.34	2.85	2.75	3.84	5.19	6.18	6.03	5.6	5.67
Direct government payments	27.89	10.09	12.26	15.56	25.96	45.59	22.45	13.67	11.53	12.98	10.8	9.77	11	10.64	10.42	12.39	12.18	12.24	11.9	15.79	24.4	12.97	16.52	12.41	22.43	23.22	21.51	12.38	7.5	7.34	7.28	7.88	13.4	9.17	8.21	9.3	10.89	14.48	16.75	11.81	7.7	8.43	9.3	3.49	1.93	1.29	1.38	3.03	1.82	0.73	0.81	0.53	2.61	3.96	3.14	3.72	3.79	3.46	3.08	3.28	2.46	2.18	1.7	1.75	1.49	0.7	0.68	1.09	1.02	0.55	0.23	0.26	0.21	0.27	0.29	0.28	0.19	0.26	0.31	0.77	0.74	0.78	0.65	0.65	0.54	0.72	0.76	0.45	0.34	0.28	0.57	0.45	0.13
Net cash income	175.72	143.85	156.43	210.04	155.2	120.88	109.16	103.48	101.27	95.57	106.78	131.31	136.09	135.23	123.17	96.3	74.36	84.85	77.39	68.44	86.65	83.67	72.14	50.84	62.05	57.37	57.93	57.74	60.94	60.93	54.48	53.68	60.77	56.9	51.39	53.83	53.5	53.7	52.64	46.49	45.58	36.04	36.99	36.85	31.56	33.2	32.62	32.67	27.39	29.49	29.11	34.38	35.56	22.8	17.68	18.02	17.77	15.56	14.72	16.73	14.35	13.64	13.27	13.43	13.41	12.56	12.52	13.82	11.93	12.91	12.18	12.78	14.11	14.25	14.79	12.73	13.13	14.58	15.33	13.08	11.33	11.05	10.66	8.09	5.27	3.54	3.65	3.56	4.31	4.22	3.69	3.14	2.04	1.4	2.2	3.65	5.23	4.78	4.81	4.7
NET INCOME (including nonmoney)3
Gross farm income	634.18	584.89	608.89	617.7	518.24	456.1	429.82	425.49	425.39	412.25	440.8	483.29	484.07	449.75	420.4	356.5	336.56	364.47	339.56	290.17	298.5	294.87	258.71	230.57	249.9	241.67	234.93	232.59	238.03	235.81	210.83	216.11	205.02	200.55	192.05	197.79	191.6	177.92	168.41	156.12	161.07	167.98	153.85	164.15	166.32	149.28	150.72	128.45	108.77	102.92	100.55	98.25	98.91	71.14	62.12	58.82	56.41	51.85	50.52	50.47	46.55	42.3	43.37	42.34	40.55	38.59	37.89	38.96	34.79	33.96	33.48	34.18	34.45	37.75	38.28	33.1	30.76	36.45	32.39	29.57	25.37	24.04	23.34	19.89	14.27	11.34	10.68	10.28	12.18	9.95	10.39	7.64	6.91	6.52	8.88	11.2	13.82	13.74	13.16	13.31
Total production expenses	471.57	456.56	462.12	435.74	371.93	357.24	347.82	343.1	349.66	349.94	359.13	391.05	360.37	353.38	306.85	279.4	274.38	286.49	269.55	232.73	219.74	207.45	197.74	191.43	195.01	190.98	187.24	185.47	186.72	176.87	171.06	163.54	158.3	150.38	151.81	151.53	145.12	138.28	130.4	125.01	132.56	142.01	139.59	140.31	139.44	133.14	123.3	103.25	88.88	82.74	75.04	70.98	64.55	51.69	47.11	44.45	42.11	39.52	38.18	36.51	33.65	31.81	31.6	30.28	28.59	27.38	27.18	25.79	23.7	22.71	22.17	21.81	21.47	22.79	22.35	19.46	17.98	18.79	17.03	14.5	13.06	12.33	11.61	10.04	7.78	6.86	6.26	5.92	6.18	5.64	5.12	4.71	4.46	4.48	5.54	6.94	7.66	7.76	7.46	7.37
Net farm income	162.61	128.32	146.78	181.96	146.31	98.87	82	82.4	75.73	62.31	81.66	92.24	123.69	96.38	113.55	77.1	62.18	77.98	70.01	57.44	78.76	87.42	60.97	39.15	54.89	50.68	47.69	47.12	51.31	58.94	39.77	52.57	46.72	50.17	40.23	46.26	46.49	39.63	38.01	31.12	28.51	25.97	14.26	23.84	26.88	16.14	27.41	25.2	19.88	20.18	25.51	27.27	34.36	19.46	15.01	14.37	14.29	12.32	12.34	13.96	12.9	10.49	11.77	12.06	11.96	11.21	10.71	13.17	11.08	11.25	11.3	12.37	12.98	14.96	15.93	13.65	12.81	17.66	15.35	15.07	12.31	11.7	11.73	9.85	6.49	4.48	4.42	4.36	6	4.31	5.28	2.92	2.56	2.03	3.34	4.26	6.15	5.98	5.7	5.94
DECEMBER 31 BALANCE SHEET (excluding operator dwellings)3
Total assets1	4,338.95	4,218.21	4,014.34	3,788.42	3,424.13	3,130.51	3,049.08	3,019.14	3,005.94	2,914.44	2,880.01	2,930.6	2,767.75	2,638.25	2,318.72	2,170.83	1,976.91	2,005.86	1,961.94	1,906.67	1,709.37	1,491.95	1,322.43	1,250.53	1,255.93	1,203.21	1,138.83	1,083.35	1,051.28	1,002.92	965.74	934.72	909.17	867.76	844.17	840.61	813.73	788.53	756.48	722.02	775.91	897.81	959.3	962.49	997.9	1,000.42	914.68	777.74	651.51	590.72	510.79	449.18	418.49	339.93	301.76	278.82	267.82	257.16	246.07	234.02	220.82	204.24	196.7	188.87	181.63	174.35	172.5	168.73	154.53	145.7	137.02	132.63	128.67	133.01	136.06	121.55	102.37	105.04	100.9	81.37	81.28	73.68	67.08	58.63	48.49	42.16	41.1	40.49	41.26	41.28	39.7	37.1	35.4	33.99	40.73	48.8	54.67	54.89	53.8	53.28
Real estate	3,602.1	3,488.71	3,338.85	3,156.35	2,822.5	2,596.82	2,519.93	2,502.62	2,472.84	2,401.35	2,365.72	2,364.51	2,242.64	2,073.66	1,802.7	1,660.11	1,560.56	1,568.55	1,548.99	1,536.64	1,372.63	1,161.56	1,016.35	1,003.71	996.24	946.43	886.98	840.42	808.23	769.54	740.49	704.14	677.58	640.79	624.77	619.15	600.13	582.31	563.68	542.41	586.18	661.75	753.42	750.02	785.56	782.82	706.06	601.77	509.31	456.54	383.56	335.56	298.3	243	217.56	202.42	195.31	189.39	180.94	171.23	161.52	150.49	142.35	134.61	129.1	123.28	116.57	108.24	102.8	95.53	90.85	87.67	88.79	87.32	79.37	86.83	66.19	67.95	65.3	60.01	53.83	47.66	42.36	37.07	33.54	30.01	30.01	30.01	30.89	30.89	30.01	29.12	28.24	27.36	32.65	38.83	42.36	42.36	42.36	42.36
Total debt2	578.75	563.49	519.3	496.14	474.31	441.25	420.49	402.61	390.43	374.16	356.74	345.2	315.33	297.52	294.47	278.93	268.35	261.06	240.74	215.68	209.07	197.58	181.1	187.03	170.66	163.93	167.7	164.63	156.91	148.57	142.99	138.93	134.31	131.57	131.87	131.12	131.03	133.14	138.51	151.31	172.15	188.81	186.18	183.96	177.69	162.43	147.52	123.87	108.4	94.14	83.5	74.67	66.77	58.1	52.83	48.5	46.42	43.92	42.21	39.22	35.81	32.16	29.56	26.67	24.14	22.45	20.93	18.76	17.1	15.74	15.08	13.68	12.88	13.21	12.45	10.83	9.49	9.03	8.08	7.36	6.73	6.76	7.29	8.06	8.71	8.69	8.46	8	7.99	8.07	8.34	8.26	8.61	9.63	10.59	11.4	12.1	12.52	12.44	12.38
Real estate debt	381.34	367.31	344.94	334.4	324.45	288.65	267.94	245.77	236.24	225.98	208.77	196.78	185.16	173.37	167.19	154.07	145.98	147.9	131.71	113.37	113.89	104.16	97.4	98.12	88.54	84.72	87.21	83.1	78.51	74.42	71.72	69.91	68.43	67.88	67.45	67.63	68.76	70.83	75.81	84.09	94.09	101.39	98.07	96.77	93.91	85.27	75.78	63.42	55.83	48.48	43.75	39.56	35.19	31.38	28.83	27.24	26.42	24.73	22.61	20.7	18.92	16.85	14.98	13.49	12.32	11.31
Non-real estate debt	197.41	196.18	174.36	161.74	149.86	152.61	152.55	156.83	154.18	148.18	147.97	148.42	130.17	124.15	127.28	124.87	122.37	113.16	109.03	102.32	95.19	93.42	83.7	88.91	82.12	79.21	80.49	81.53	78.39	74.15	71.26	69.02	65.88	63.69	64.42	63.48	62.27	62.31	62.7	67.22	78.06	87.42	88.11	87.19	83.78	77.16	71.74	60.44	52.57	45.65	39.75	35.11	31.58	26.72	24	21.26	20	19.19	19.59	18.53	16.89	15.31	14.58	13.18	11.82	11.14
Equity	3,760.2	3,654.72	3,495.04	3,292.28	2,949.83	2,689.25	2,628.59	2,616.53	2,615.52	2,540.28	2,523.28	2,585.4	2,452.42	2,340.73	2,024.25	1,891.9	1,708.57	1,744.8	1,721.21	1,690.98	1,500.3	1,294.38	1,141.34	1,063.5	1,085.26	1,039.28	971.13	918.73	894.37	854.34	822.76	795.8	774.86	736.2	712.29	709.49	682.7	655.39	617.97	570.71	603.75	709	773.12	778.53	820.21	837.99	767.16	653.88	543.1	496.58	427.28	374.51	351.73	281.83	248.94	230.32	221.4	213.24	203.87	194.8	185.01	172.08	167.13	162.21	157.49	151.9	151.57	149.97	137.43	129.96	121.94	118.95	115.79	119.8	123.61	110.72	92.89	95.99	92.81	74.01	74.57	66.96	59.79	50.67	39.91	33.62	32.63	32.49	33.27	33.21	31.36	28.84	26.79	24.36	30.14	37.4	42.57	42.37	41.36	40.9
FINANCIAL RATIOS2
Debt-to-asset ratio	13.34	13.36	12.94	13.1	13.85	14.1	13.79	13.34	12.99	12.84	12.39	11.78	11.39	11.28	12.7	12.85	13.57	13.02	12.27	11.31	12.23	13.24	13.69	14.96	13.59	13.62	14.73	15.2	14.93	14.81	14.81	14.86	14.77	15.16	15.62	15.6	16.1	16.88	18.31	20.96	22.19	21.03	19.41	19.11	17.81	16.24	16.13	15.93	16.64	15.94	16.35	16.62	15.95	17.09	17.51	17.39	17.33	17.08	17.15	16.76	16.22	15.74	15.03	14.12	13.29	12.87
Return on assets	5.94	7.3	8.71	14.2	12.03	4.29	2.34	1.97	4.51	2.05	-0.15	7.66	7.94	15.64	10.28	11.55	0.17	4.52	4.78	12.48	16.61	15.7	7.8	0.48	6.33	7.5	6.9	5.2	7.49	7.72	5.3	6.37	7.67	6.77	3.36	7.27	7.53	7.96	8.79	-4.09	-10.97	-3.43	0.96	-1.44	2	10.13	18.69	20.01	11.55	16.62	16.45	11.62	28.43	16.12	10.93	6.97	7.13	6.92	7.78	9.49	11.19	6.12	7.05	6.81	7.02	3.36

Latest reading

Net farm income stood at 162.61 USD billion in 2025. That is +26.7% from 2024. The series on this page is annual and runs from 1910 to 2025. Source: USDA Economic Research Service (Farm Income and Wealth Statistics).

Latest: 162.61 USD billion; 2025
vs previous period: +26.7%; 2024

About this data

US farm sector net income, production expenses, and balance sheet statistics from the USDA. This annual data tracks cash receipts, direct government payments, and farm equity since 1910. Published by the Economic Research Service, the table details agricultural profitability and financial ratios.

Frequently asked questions

What does the United States farm income table measure?: It measures the aggregate financial performance of the United States agricultural sector, including gross cash income, production expenses, net farm income, assets, debt, and equity.
How frequently is the United States farm income data updated and how far back does it go?: The data is published annually by the United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service, with historical series starting from 1910.
What specific financial categories are available in the United States farm balance sheet?: The balance sheet details total assets split into real estate and non-real estate, total debt, equity, and financial ratios such as the debt-to-asset ratio and return on assets.
How does net farm income differ from cash income in United States agriculture?: Net farm income includes non-cash items like inventory changes and accounts for total production expenses, whereas cash income focuses primarily on commodity receipts and direct government payments.