European Union GDP

About this data

Quarterly GDP for the Euro area and the European Union at current prices and 2020 constant prices, adjusted for seasonal and working-day effects. The accompanying table details four expenditure components at constant prices (final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation, government expenditure, and exports and imports of goods and services) to illustrate growth drivers. The time series undergoes frequent revisions following initial publication, and the flash estimate (at t+30 days) often diverges from the complete release. The subsequent section of the table breaks down ALL THREE national accounts approaches. The PRODUCTION approach: value added plus taxes less subsidies on products. The EXPENDITURE approach: household consumption separated from non-profit institutions serving households, government consumption split into individual and collective, capital formation separated into fixed assets and inventories, and exports and imports separated into goods and services. The INCOME approach: compensation of employees (distinguishing wages and salaries from employers' social contributions), gross operating surplus and mixed income, and taxes less subsidies—providing insight into the share of GDP accruing to labor versus capital, a distributional question no other slice can answer. All three approaches must yield identical GDP figures; the discrepancy between them constitutes the statistical discrepancy. The `gdpc-` keys represent CURRENT prices, while the `gdpr-` keys represent 2020 CONSTANT prices. Only current prices feature the income approach and items requiring addition or subtraction (income, net exports, changes in inventories): chained volume series are NOT additive, which is why Eurostat itself does not publish them at constant prices. Both series are denominated in millions of EUR and share a single Y-axis. The Euro area currently comprises 21 countries following Bulgaria's accession on January 1, 2026; Eurostat back-calculates the bloc's historical series based on changing composition. Source: Eurostat.