France gross operating surplus: households as employers
France gross operating surplus: households as employers stood at 0 EUR million in 2025, according to INSEE – Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (BDM). It is one of the indicators in the Annual national accounts table (Value · Annual), with a complete series running from 1959 to 2025. The complete series with an interactive chart, free to download.
This indicator in the Annual national accounts table
| Indicator | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross operating surplus and mixed income | |||||||||||
| Activities of households as employers: employers of domestic personnel (own use) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total of branches (new classification) | 1,046,091 | 1,036,606 | 1,005,684 | 908,333 | 886,037 | 806,202 | 824,340 | 793,186 | 778,746 | 767,960 |
Understanding france gross operating surplus: households as employers
Surplus generated by residential units acting as employers of domestic staff, calculated after subtracting intermediate consumption and labor costs from total output. In national accounting conventions, the production of domestic services for own final use by households generates a balancing item recorded as mixed income or operating surplus rather than standard corporate profit. This row captures the value derived from directly hiring cooks, gardeners, cleaners, and chauffeurs for personal households, completely separating these domestic operations from commercial cleaning enterprises or temporary employment agencies operating in the business sector.
Reading this metric requires understanding that household production for own use is imputed using conventions rather than direct market pricing of corporate output. Users must avoid comparing these figures directly with standard corporate operating surpluses, as domestic employer activities lack typical capital investments and commercial risk profiles. Annual comparisons can be sensitive to changes in household disposable income and fiscal incentives designed to encourage declared domestic employment. Revisions in this account typically reflect updated survey data regarding the prevalence and wage rates of registered domestic personnel.
Frequently asked questions
- What types of workers generate this surplus?
- Private cooks, personal drivers, household cleaners, and private gardeners hired directly by individuals for personal use.
- Why is this classified under households as employers?
- National accounts treat private households employing domestic staff as a distinct institutional producer of services for own consumption.
- How does this differ from commercial cleaning services?
- Commercial cleaning is performed by registered market enterprises serving clients, whereas this series isolates direct household employment.