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欧盟政府债务(马斯特里赫特标准)

欧盟统计局(Eurostat)发布的欧元区和欧盟季度广义政府债务,衡量马斯特里赫特定义下广义政府部门合并债务总额的绝对规模及其占GDP比重。表格提供了欧洲账户体系(ESA 2010)下债务工具的完整分类(货币与存款F2、短期与长期债务证券F3、短期与长期贷款F4)。新的期限结构揭示了再融资风险:一旦利率上升,短期债务占比较高的国家将立即面临借贷成本攀升,而长期债务则可以在数年内逐步消化利率变动的影响。F2、F3和F4这三项债务工具的总和严格等于总债务规模。《马斯特里赫特条约》规定的参考基准线为GDP的60%——自2008年金融危机以及随后的新冠疫情以来,欧元区和欧盟的政府债务率均已远超这一标准。欧盟统计局发布季度数据通常存在约三个月的时滞,且随着各成员国对政府部门统计范围的修正,历史数据常会进行调整。数据来源:欧盟统计局(Eurostat)。

来源: 欧盟统计局(Eurostat)最后更新: 整理维护 Bui Thanh Phuc

正在加载图表数据…
指标Q1-2026Q4-2025Q3-2025Q2-2025Q1-2025Q4-2024Q3-2024Q2-2024Q1-2024Q4-2023Q3-2023Q2-2023Q1-2023
政府债务占GDP比重29
欧元区88.987.788.287.887.286.687.287.286.986.587.688.188.6
欧盟82.981.882.181.881.480.681.281.180.980.581.281.882.2
德国64.463.56362.36262.26261.662.162.363.26363.9
法国117.6115.7117.3115.4113.6112.6113.1111.8110.2109.5111.1111.3111.9
意大利138.9137.1137.5138.1137.3134.7135.5135.9134.2133.9135137.5137.1
西班牙101.6100.7103.1103.4103.3101.6104.2105.2106.3105.2107.3108.8108.9
荷兰43.844.742.74343.54442.84444.745.94545.847
比利时109.1107.9107.1106.2106.1103.9104.7105.6105.5102.5105.1103.2104.5
爱尔兰3734.834.534.435.138.44040.640.942.141.941.641.9
奥地利83.381.383.482838081.681.679.977.878.278.379.9
芬兰89.788.586.788.484.282.582.280.778.677.174.674.673.5
葡萄牙9189.797.496.594.893.595.899.198.196.9105.4108.2110.8
希腊143.5146.1149.8152152.9154.2158.6160.3162.1164.3168.9171.5174
斯洛伐克62.561.462.362.963.259.760.160.260.355.858.159.357.8
保加利亚28.529.928.426.323.723.824.32222.422.92121.522.2
卢森堡29.226.527.52526.126.325.625.725.924.725.127.928.4
克罗地亚58.456.357.157.458.257.459.259.361.160.962.565.368.9
立陶宛42.339.540.63940.4383837.238.937.136.737.637.9
斯洛文尼亚64.865.767.769.569.666.466.168.969.768.37170.172
拉脱维亚46.946.944.847.64546.24745.645.744.443.441.846
爱沙尼亚25.224.122.823.223.923.523.823.62420.218.71917.8
塞浦路斯54.65560.361.161.962.766.667.669.871.17378.677.4
马耳他45.946.446.446.646.545.944.845.546.546.946.747.349.7
波兰61.659.757.957.85754.8535251.349.548.548.147.9
瑞典34.935.133.133.633.533.932.432.331.732.2313233.2
罗马尼亚60.159.358.857.355.854.853.351.552.149.349.949.150
捷克44.144.24343.743.343.243.442.443.142.242.742.542.8
丹麦26.827.22928.829.33032.232.93333.133.833.933.2
匈牙利77.774.6757675.373.57676.276.573.374.775.175.4
政府债务(绝对值)29
欧元区14,243,538.613,946,558.413,888,172.813,704,11713,503,765.613,289,783.913,253,603.513,123,608.812,961,512.512,772,611.912,755,914.312,647,14312,513,138.5
欧盟15,704,59315,377,325.215,254,895.315,046,603.614,827,452.214,549,363.114,478,04014,307,423.114,116,16113,896,726.613,822,063.913,716,064.913,554,552.9
德国2,902,035.32,838,238.92,789,527.62,733,4722,701,606.52,693,827.22,671,666.72,635,174.12,638,519.32,630,5472,635,861.22,593,817.62,595,785.2
法国3,536,067.73,460,465.13,484,061.63,417,154.33,346,280.83,306,096.73,303,026.43,232,354.63,162,9993,103,247.73,095,773.73,055,923.33,021,059.3
意大利3,158,190.63,095,887.63,081,031.63,071,366.93,033,574.72,967,004.12,962,951.62,954,461.22,900,717.22,869,976.22,851,332.42,855,7992,797,585.8
西班牙1,739,5011,698,2251,709,3491,690,9061,667,3761,620,5731,635,7311,625,6681,614,7131,575,3771,578,8121,570,1191,536,723
荷兰517,377523,720493,512491,517490,551491,251469,888475,574476,163481,635467,734470,634475,006
比利时706,581692,460680,801670,217662,922644,199644,251644,302639,849617,175625,669606,094601,580
爱尔兰215,411.2209,894.8208,911.5207,211.5206,202.8215,575215,944.2215,161.9214,144.1219,277221,415.1221,909.4222,458
奥地利431,411.3418,078.5424,012.3412,408.4413,272.9395,051.1398,695.6394,972.4383,849.6371,621.4369,759.8366,325.5368,373
芬兰255,139249,147242,622246,086233,545227,757225,577220,236214,586210,542203,533202,976198,031
葡萄牙283,106.5275,062.8294,507.6287,135.8278,244.4270,901.9272,350.8276,856.1269,732.1261,889.1278,838.1278,930.5278,129
希腊360,106362,925367,847368,613366,312364,964370,814369,400368,364369,110372,203370,066366,944
斯洛伐克86,802.683,956.883,949.383,484.382,900.677,734.977,424.776,917.975,925.868,882.369,736.468,996.865,378.6
保加利亚34,232.834,634.931,824.928,385.725,04624,976.924,918.321,889.221,557.621,67519,45919,625.319,769.2
卢森堡26,402.123,695.124,292.821,760.522,637.322,638.121,785.921,706.521,636.920,267.820,293.822,24222,156.2
克罗地亚55,216.152,370.851,826.550,924.850,628.449,28449,967.749,111.549,587.448,263.947,97147,942.648,411.9
立陶宛36,259.533,25933,634.831,815.332,405.329,992.229,521.328,363.129,248.527,580.526,592.126,826.826,261.9
斯洛文尼亚46,314.946,323.647,046.847,625.247,221.244,755.144,140.345,367.945,406.143,738.944,212.242,628.542,369.7
拉脱维亚20,435.820,173.918,96519,77618,493.418,801.518,852.818,19018,045.417,578.516,833.215,98517,192.4
爱沙尼亚10,645.810,035.29,414.29,465.69,629.89,353.19,385.69,1999,265.17,736.37,104.47,177.86,627.9
塞浦路斯20,088.720,078.221,695.621,727.721,789.721,813.722,86322,834.423,063.923,056.223,154.224,485.723,506.3
马耳他11,457.611,397.111,188.711,083.510,908.210,621.110,156.810,098.910,025.19,817.99,438.39,185.19,276.3
波兰569,889.5553,221.5520,349.6515,313.2507,619.5470,788.3443,462.4423,490.4411,011.3389,736.4350,991.9356,367.7328,146.9
瑞典213,930.9216,031196,923.8197,043199,529.4190,830.3181,921.1179,422.8171,014.6178,514.3163,785.1162,710.6174,490.1
罗马尼亚229,426.7223,144.7215,780.5204,756.8200,555.8193,958.5184,190.7172,864.3170,006.6157,616.2152,740.6145,979144,445.6
捷克156,151156,217.8148,896.3146,579.3141,625.3138,515136,966132,699.2131,871.4130,808.2132,153.5132,707.4131,936.8
丹麦112,460.6113,615.1120,426.9118,769.6119,335.9119,953.7125,229.2124,646.2123,323.5123,420.3126,902.6129,288.6127,419.5
匈牙利179,198.7168,539.6164,348.9160,028.2155,025145,537.6152,672150,696.3147,426.6144,024.8139,581.8141,874.5134,981.4
货币与存款(F2)29
欧元区360,619.6333,151.5353,218.9347,760.1347,198.2327,846.9335,849.4332,159.8333,630.3351,704.3357,762.5349,798.5348,641.6
欧盟390,135361,536.7383,638.9374,614.8375,666.1354,013.2362,560.8357,183.3357,418375,229.4381,905.5372,731.5373,862.8
德国17,986.418,278.218,698.616,723.914,676.614,815.816,808.915,545.714,772.116,88618,122.515,342.715,337.4
法国42,932.242,70944,729.941,79538,561.441,45041,653.340,631.737,816.641,30342,149.140,97639,775.7
意大利200,345.5170,659.6191,416.9192,950.6199,322.9178,266.3183,613.5183,119.6188,085.3199,139.8200,103.8199,202.7202,581.5
西班牙5,5495,5155,4905,4335,3845,3635,3545,3115,2655,2865,2515,2095,171
荷兰1,3262,1452,2031,4701,3231,2351,7941,3101,1191,6462,3921,3491,328
比利时1,7442,6342,3942,1161,9591,9142,3931,8291,8432,2612,7751,9651,954
爱尔兰25,169.325,181.425,260.825,336.625,379.925,392.925,532.625,717.525,837.225,856.225,888.826,079.926,008.5
奥地利2,0332,0312,0262,0231,9871,9911,9921,9691,9381,9341,9231,9061,863
芬兰6369789918376817528878407448921,141794781
葡萄牙51,100.350,463.250,248.749,432.448,517.747,022.446,401.646,707.647,172.447,156.548,87948,38445,193
希腊7,5427,7597,5857,5517,3447,5787,3347,0587,0027,2867,1506,8506,890
斯洛伐克115124110.3114.698103.783.766.352.557.775.187.6181.3
保加利亚1,849.92,454.2
卢森堡373372.1370.1367.8364.2365.4360358357.7356354.2351.7345.7
克罗地亚72.269.567.468.464.262.559.962.158.153.852.653.653.6
立陶宛271.5207.6131.192.466.676.3131.3202.5192.4175.8110.50.60.6
斯洛文尼亚232.3231.5229.6224.4220.2225.7225223.6215.2216.6218.7217.5207.1
拉脱维亚715.9655.8586.8570.2610.4595.3550.9558.1523.4492.1433.1387.3290.3
爱沙尼亚49.4106.3106.449.335.533.472.548.438.185.8124.526.747.3
塞浦路斯177.8177.8173.8173.8171.3171.3168.7168.7165.6165.6163.1160.2160.2
马耳他398.8399.3399.6430.7431.4432.7433.4433432.8454.5455.5455.1472.4
波兰3,049.93,123.92,647.92,6173,452.93,444.72,281.52,580.92,601.42,528.22,3952,325.22,159.1
瑞典16,767.414,969.617,485.213,538.215,058.112,98015,849.514,093.913,257.911,907.913,91813,127.515,438.3
罗马尼亚4,350.75,119.64,506.54,0933,657.53,975.33,471.73,129.42,842.43,929.32,705.12,425.62,356.7
捷克1,388.61,404.81,503.22,264.62,040.41,816.21,312.51,208.41,113.11,262.51,106.9991.21,052.4
丹麦2,231.22,253.52,502.52,552.22,5192,556.22,591.12,566.52,632.52,653.72,823.62,858.43,112.8
匈牙利1,727.51,513.91,774.81,789.81,740.11,393.91,205.31,444.31,340.41,243.51,194.31,2051,101.8
货币(F21)21
欧元区0000000000000
欧盟0000000000000
德国0000000000000
法国0000000000000
西班牙0000000000000
比利时0000000000000
爱尔兰0000000000000
芬兰0000000000000
葡萄牙0000000000000

最新值

本页序列为季度,时间跨度从2000年第1季度至2026年第1季度。来源:欧盟统计局(Eurostat)。

关于本数据

欧盟统计局(Eurostat)发布的欧元区和欧盟季度广义政府债务,衡量马斯特里赫特定义下广义政府部门合并债务总额的绝对规模及其占GDP比重。表格提供了欧洲账户体系(ESA 2010)下债务工具的完整分类(货币与存款F2、短期与长期债务证券F3、短期与长期贷款F4)。新的期限结构揭示了再融资风险:一旦利率上升,短期债务占比较高的国家将立即面临借贷成本攀升,而长期债务则可以在数年内逐步消化利率变动的影响。F2、F3和F4这三项债务工具的总和严格等于总债务规模。《马斯特里赫特条约》规定的参考基准线为GDP的60%——自2008年金融危机以及随后的新冠疫情以来,欧元区和欧盟的政府债务率均已远超这一标准。欧盟统计局发布季度数据通常存在约三个月的时滞,且随着各成员国对政府部门统计范围的修正,历史数据常会进行调整。数据来源:欧盟统计局(Eurostat)。

常见问题

欧盟政府债务(马斯特里赫特标准)的最新值是多少?
欧元区在2026年第1季度为88.9%。较2025年第4季度+1.2个百分点,较上年同期+1.7个百分点。
欧盟政府债务(马斯特里赫特标准)当前处于高位还是低位?
读数88.9%为2022年第4季度以来的最高水平。
欧盟政府债务(马斯特里赫特标准)的数据可追溯至何时?
本页序列为季度,时间跨度从2000年第1季度至2026年第1季度。来源:欧盟统计局(Eurostat)。本数据表中的每个序列均可查看全历史图表,并支持下载为CSV或Excel格式。
什么是欧盟政府债务(马斯特里赫特标准)?
该指标衡量马斯特里赫特框架下欧盟及欧元区广义政府部门的合并债务总额,反映政府总体的偿债负担。统计涵盖货币与存款、短期与长期债务证券以及各类贷款等金融负债工具,其细项加总严格等于广义政府总债务规模。
该数据由谁发布,核算基础是什么?
该指标由欧盟统计局(Eurostat)依据欧洲账户体系(ESA)准则按季度核算并发布。官方统计采用面值计量广义政府跨机构合并债务,同时提供以本币计价的绝对债务总额与占国内生产总值(GDP)比重两种口径。
如何解读政府债务率及债务期限结构?
债务占GDP比重是评估财政可持续性与主权信用风险的核心指标,可参照条约设定的参考门槛进行监测。通过观察短期与长期债务证券的期限构成,能够识别政府面临的债务再融资压力及对市场利率变动的敏感程度。